Tuesday, September 20, 2005

pragmatic linguistics ...

Somewhere between semiotics/sociology and Richard Dawkins like meme/replication theories there lies an area of progmatic linguistics which contains elements of both the evolutionary stance and phenomenology.

This is not an area of focus of my studies, but i do like the possibilities of the field.

Here is an article/interview by one of the big names of the field ... Dan Sperber ...
http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/sperber05/sperber05_index.html

Here is a good quote from the article ...

"When we speak we want our audience to understand something that's in our mind. And we have no way to fully encode it, and trying at least to encode as much as possible would be absurdly cumbersome. Linguistic utterances, however rich and complex they may be, cannot fully encode our thoughts. But they can give strong richly structured piece of evidence of what our thoughts are.

From the point of view of the audience, a speaker is providing rich pieces of evidence, which we interpret in a context of shared background knowledge, drawing on the common cultural, on the local situation, on the ongoing conversation, and so on. You construct a complex representation helped by all these different factors. You to end up with something which will have been strongly guided, sometimes guided in an exquisitely detailed manner, by the communication, by the words used by the speaker, but which end up being a thought of your own, relevant to you, a recognition, to begin with, of what the speaker meant, from which you extract what is relevant to you."


And another good general observation ... that when we talk about communication we are talking about a vast array of subject up and down the animal kingdom, and many different spheres of human life. We must narrow the subject a lot if we care to make headway into any of its sub-branches.

39 Comments:

Blogger M P said...

To what extent is it problematic to posit something "in one's mind" (as a sort of noumenon). While I don't think language IS the mind, I have problems dividing absolutely the speech act from the heterogenous weirdness that we call our thoughts.

What do you think?

1:31 PM  
Blogger Thomas F. Schminke said...

A useful question ... processing ...

6:19 PM  
Blogger Thomas F. Schminke said...

Philosophically it does seem problematic. It seems like it might be an interesting starting place for emperical research, however. I wouldn't want to confuse the two motives.

Parallel ... consider Colin McGinn's [Rutgers!] thesis on consciousness. He may well be right, that we will never understand the phenomenon in any robust manner. I would tell emperical researchers not to work on "parts" of the consciousness problem, though, they may still discover many interesting things.

Consider the claim from the 50s and 60s that if a computer could play world championship caliber chess then it would have to be considered intelligent in the AI way. Well, we have those programs now and i don't know anyone willing to defend the notion that these are anything but programs. They are not intelligent in any robust way. Still ... that has clarified a few things for us in regards to intelligence. For instance ... the Chinese Room argument against Strong AI and the Turing test. It seems reasonable now that a machine that could pass the Turing test might not be considered intelligent in the end. Though, until we can build one, there is no difinitive answer.

Sometimes, however, really good things can come from dividing a complicated physical problem up into smaller parts. This was the genius of Galileo, to analyse projectile paths in parts, a horizontal component (velocity), a vertical component (terrestrial gravity) and throw out all the other components (such as friction). It worked in that case because there "really were" some simple components that could be isolated.

This is not so obvious in brain/mind issues. The speech act is far more than just the words that are emitted at the end. (Maybe we can call it a speech-act-ending.) But, especially in writing, there is a fairly easily isolatable component ... the words here in this box ... that have some relation to my thought processes about this subject and to my thought processes as a whole.
Perhaps, like vision components int he brain, there are some simple mechanisms that can be isolated. It seems as good a place as any to start. The nice thing about the stance of the brain as an evolutionary entity is that this stance naturally posits that for most brain functions, however complex, are will be some isolatable simple components. This is because the brain as an evolutionary object uses older simple components when they do the job rather than making a newer higher-order component to do every new complicated task in the human mind.

There is a nice book, a few years old now, titled something like "Language and our Reptilian Brain" breaking out just some of these components. I think Liebermann was the author, not sure on that exactly, or the spelling. I think it is a usful stance anyway. It will at least help us determine just what components of speech are un-entangle-able.

11:37 AM  
Blogger M P said...

Good stuff...

Reading through Hume has made me think a lot about these things.

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